Galilyo galilie by Mishra book summary by gigl

Vigyaan ne hume dher saare scientist diye hain, yaa phir yuh kahein k inn dher saare scientists ne milkar hume vigyaan diya hai!! unn sabhi yogdaano k baad bhi aakhir hum unmein se kitne vaigyaanikon ko yaad rakh paatein hain?

Inhi Scientists mein ek naam aisa bhi hai, jinhone virasat mein hume apni soch saupi thi, jinhone pehli baar Telescope ka avishkaar kar duniya ko chaunkaya tha, ek aise guru jinki siksha k kaaran marne k 250 saal baad bhi unpar ban laga raha. Antah ek  aise vyakti, Sir Issac Newton ko jinka punar janam kaha jata tha.

Galileo Galilei. Yeh who 2 shabdh hain jinki kahani unki safalta ki tarah lambi toh nahi lekin romanch se bharpur hai!!Kuch yun� k iss kahaani k antt tak zindagi k kuch aise phalsaphe sikhne ko mil jaatein hain jo aksar roz-marraa ki kitaabo mein nahi mila karte.

Galileo galilei. Aaj bhale hi Itihaas ke purane panno mein kho gaya ho� lekin 15vi sadi mein surkhiyaan batorne k liye yeh naam kaafi tha.Woh sann tha 1564, jab italy k Pisa sheher mein, ek gareeb dampatti ne apni pehli santaan ko janm diya. Woh Galileo the jinka janm bhi apne aap mein kisi ajube se kam nahi tha, Phir aap chahein isse hairatangez kahein yaa kudrat ka Karishma!Galileo ka janm theek usi din hua, jis din renaissance k aakhiri diggaj michelangelo ki maut hui thi. Nanhe Galileo us zamaane mein aa chukein the jahan �bible� logon ki soch ko aakaar de raha tha. Bible ko apni jaageer bataane wale church k kuch sadasya, logon k jeene aur marne ka faisla bhi khud hi karne lage the. Aage chalkar Galileo ko bhi isi niyam se shangharsh karna tha, ek aisa sangharsh jo maut k baad bhi unke maathe se kisi kalank ki tarah laga raha.

Europe mein halat bad-se-battar hui jaa rahi thi. Andhvishvaas apni baahein din-ba-din faila raha tha, vahin dusri aur plague ki bimaari bhi aadhi aabaadi ko nigal chuki thi.isi wajah se logon ka vishwas ab church parse uth raha tha, bagawat k isi mahol ne janm diya science aur philosophies k naye daur ko, jo kuch samay baad kehlaya gaya �the era of modern science�

Aashcharya ki baat hai, k jo church science aur astronomy par bandishein kastatha, modern science ki zyadatar philosophies aur inventionsne usi church mein janam liya tha. Jisme ek ahem kirdaar nibhaya tha nicholas copernicus ne. Inki mryutyu Galileo galilei k janm se 20 yr pehle hi ho gayi thi.Copernicus ek catholic priest the jinki theories ko Galileo, apne ullekhon k zariye saabit karne ki koshish kartien the. Copernicus ki theories ko diye gaye isi support ne Galileoko apne samay k sabse controversial figures mein se ek bana diya.

Galileo ka shuruaati jeevan 10 saal ki umra tak apne parivaar se alag rishtedaaron k saath Pisa mein hi beeta.Yahan Pisa mein nanhe Galileo ki dilchaspi mathematics mein badhne lagi. Lekin unke parivaar valon ko yeh baat manzoor nahi thi. Pita vincenso chahte the k unka honhaar beta medical kar apne ghar k liye kuch paise kamaaye! Isliye mehez 11 saal ki umra mein hi Galileo ko vallambrosa mein sthith ek jesuit monastry mein bhej diya gaya. Florence se 33 km door yeh monastery hari pahaadiyon k beecho beech basi hui thi. Yeh jagah Galileo ko itni pasand aai ki unhone yahi par monastery mein sanyasi banne ka faisla le liya.
Ab jaise-taise himmat juta kar nanhe Galileo ne apne pita ko bataya k woh ek monk ban na chahtein hain. Yeh baat sunte hi pita vincenzo k pairon tale zameen khisak gayi. Bina ek pal gawaaye pita vincenzo ne Galileo ko turant hi monestary se laut aane k liye keh diya. Isi k saath Galileo ko majburan florence lautna pada, jahan unhone apni schooling ki shuruaat ki. Aur apni kahani k pehle padaav ko bhi pura kiya.
Dekhte hi dekhte, Galileo ne apne bachpan ko alvida kar chuke the, aur ab who University of Pisa mein ek naujawaan vidyarthi the, Pita ki iccha anusaar apne dil par pathar rakh kar unhone Medicine ki padhaai shuru kar di. Samay k saath Galileo ka mann bhi Medical ki padhai se ubh chuka tha. Natija yeh raha k ab Mathematics k liye Galelio, Pita se bagawat karne ko taiyaar the.
Ab Summer vacations sar par the , aur Baaghi banne ki taiyaariyan bhi ho chuki thi. Faisla aar yaa paar ka tha kisi bhi haal mein Pita Vincenso ko Mathematics ki padhaai k liye raazi karna tha. Ek baat toh Galileo ko saaf-saaf pata thi, k unke kehne se toh unke Pita maan se rahe. Isi liye summer vacation mein Galileo ne Ostilio Ricci ko apne ghar Florence aane ka nyota bheja. Jo ki Tuscan Court k bade Mathematician the aur kahin had tak Galileo k humdard bhi, dono ne milkar Pita Vincenso ko manane ki koshish ki. anth mein apne Bete ki zidd k aage Vincenso ka dil thoda sa hi sahi lekin pighla zaroor... aur unhone Galileo ko ijazat de hi di.
Par shayad yeh bhi Galieo k liye kaafi nahi tha, Ek baar phir apne pita ko niraash kar, Galileo khud hi University se bedakhal ho gaye, aur graduation karne se pehle hi ek College dropout ban gaye!

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College adhura chordne k baad Galileo ko apne guzaare k liye paise kamaane the. Isiliye ab Galileo ne Mathematics ki private tuitions dena shuru kar diya. Pehle toh veek private tutor k roop mein Florence mein sikhaya karte the..kuch samay baad unhone ne Siena mein Public appointment lena shuru kar diya.

Saal 1586 mein Galileo, Vallambrosa mein padhaya karte the jahan unhone apni pehli scientific book �La Balancitta� likhi. Is kitaab mein Balance ki madad se Relative density ko dhundne k Archimedes k methods ki jaankari digayi hai. Jiske liye Galileo ne floating objects k saath experiments shuru kiye. Is kitaab k baad, Galileoapne ambitions ko lekar aur bhi zyada serious ho gaye, unhe kisi major university mein Mathematics subject ki ek badi upadhi hasil karni thi. Us waqt tak sheher k kaafi log Galileo aur unki pratibha se vaakif ho chuke the.

Bahut hi jald Galileo ki kismat unki zindagi mein ek bada badlav lane wali thi... Literature par diye gaye unke ek lecture ne unhe ek din mein famous bana diya. Academy of Florence mein ek lambe samay se Dante�s Inferno naamak ek 100 yr purani controversy charcha ka Vishay thi. Aur jab Galileo ko isi Vishay par lecture dene ka nyota diya gaya toh unhone apni soch aur apne jawaab se sabhi ko impress kar diya tha. Us incident k baad se hi Log unhe sammaanjanak nazron se dekhne lage. Galileo ki popularity aur reputation ka isi baat se andaza lagaya jaa sakta hai k jis University of Pisa se woh apni education puri nahi kar paaye the, usi University of Pisa se unhe 3 saal k appointment ka offer diya gaya. Aakhirkaar Galileo ka barson purana sapna pura hua, aur uhne University of Pisa k Mathematical faculty mein achi khaasi position haasil hui. Inn 3 saalon mein Galileo ne �De Motu� naamak apni 2sri kitab likhi jo ki theory of motion par aadharit thi. Bhale hi Galileo ki yeh kabhi publish nahi ho paai lekin is kitaab mein modern physics ki sabse important theories mein se ek kahi jaane wali... the motion of falling body bhi shamil thi. 
Safalta ki sidhiyan toh chadh rahein the who, par abhi dagmagana baaki tha�.

Kuch saalon baad pita k dehaant k baad ghar ki saari zimmedaariya Galileo k kandhe par aa gai thi. Jinmein, apni 2 choti behno ki shadi k liye dahej jama karna bhi shamil tha. Galileo k sar Zimmedaariyon ka bhoj badh toh gaya tha, lekin Pisa mein unki kamaai kuch khaas nahi thi. Isi liye ab Galileo naye mauke ki talaash mein jut gaye. Bahut hi jald unhe University of Padua mein Mathematics k Professor k roop mein appoint kia gaya. Yahan unki salary bhi Pisa se 3x zyada thi. Padua mein Galileo kaafi khush the... samay beet ta gaya... aur ab Padua mein bitaaye hue 18 saal Galileo ki zindagi k sabse khushnuma palon mein se ek ban gaye.

Ek waqt aisa bhi aaya jab Galileo Galileiko paiso ki sakt zaroorat thi. Unke sar karz ka bojh aur apni choti behen ki shadi ki zimmedaari bhi aan padi thi. Us zamane mein dahej 1000 crowns tak diye jaate the, aur Galileo ki saalaana kamai mehez 180 crowns tak simit thi. Yadi Galileo Florence wapas chale jaate toh apne karzdaaron ki wajah se unhe jail bhi jaana pad jaata. Ab Galileo  ki aakho k saamne bas ek aakhri raasta bacha tha. Yeh rasta tha kisi nayi cheez ka aawishkaar karna. Galileo ko yeh baat maalum thi ki yadi woh kisi ek samaadhan k saath koi naya aavishkaar karenge toh woh use ache khaasi rakam kamaa saktein hain. Badi hi mushkilon k baad Galileo ne ek rudimentary thermometer ka aavishkar kiya. Par afsoos unhe koi khareed daar nahi mile. Lekin iske baawajood Galileo ne haar nahi maani. Aur phir Galileo ne Military compass ka ek modified version invent kia. Jiske sahare, army sahi nishana bhi saadh sakti thi. Yeh aavishkaar ek instant hit raha. Aur Galileo ko isse kaafi hadh tak faayda bhi mila.

Kehtein hain har safal vyakti k peeche kisi mahila ka haath hota hai, lekin Apne Aavishkaaron mein vyasth Galelio Galilei ne Apne jeevan mein kabhi shadi nahi ki. Par, Padua mein samay beeetate waqt unhone Marina Gamba naamak ek Mahila se romantic relationship share ki thi. Marina, Venice mein rehne wali ek aam mahila thi. Venice mein apne ek trip k dauran Galileo ki mulaakat Marina se hui thi.  Galileo aur Marina ek dusre se behad pyaar karte the,  Bhale hi paison ki tangi k kaaran unhone shadi naa ki ho, lekin Marina ne Galileo k saath apni 3 santaanon ko janm diya. jinka naam rakha gaya Virginia, Vincenzio aur Livya.  Galileo ki maa ab bhi uske is chote se parivaar se anjaan thi, sab kuch theek thaak hi chal raha tha, k achanak ek din Galileo ki maa Giulia unse milne aai.  Galileo ki maa yeh sab dekh kar chaunk gai thi. Kyuki Galileo ko unke baptimisal record mein ek father ka darja diya gaya tha, unhone Pedua ko jald hi chord diya. Aur ek achi job k khatir apni dono betiyon ko lekar Florence chale aaye. Us zamaane mein jo log apne bachon ka dekhbhal mein saksham nahi hotein the, woh apne bachon ko Church k hawaale saunp dete. Yeh jaan na bhale hi nirdaye lage, lekin Khud Gaileo ne bhi aisa hi kiya. Marina ne kisi dusre vyakti k saath shadi kar li thi, kyuki Galileo ki santaane samaaj ki nazaron mein naajaayas thi, isiliye Galileo ko lagne laga k koi bhi unki betiyon se shadi nahi karega, isi kiye unhone apni dono hi betiyon ko umrabhar k liye San Matteo Arcetri bhej diya. Aur ek majboor pita k roop mein haar gaye

Har Waqt maano Galileo k liye safalta ka naya pal tha,Galileoapne avishkaaron ko lekar itne popular ho chukein the ki ab unke karan students university mein aakarshit ho rahein the. Yeh samay Galileo k liye behad ahem tha unhone magnets k saath apne experiments ko shuru bhi kar diya tha. Kuch samay baad Galileo apni chuttiyan bitane dobara Venice lautein. Yahan aate hi unke kaano mein ek chaukadene wali khabar padi. Galileo ko yeh khabar pata chali ki Lippershey naamak ek Dutch Optician ne ek bada  hi adhbhut aavishkaar kia hai. Jise sabhi log Spyglass bula rahe the. Yeh instrument kisi bhi distant object ko magnify karne ki kshamta rakhta tha, jee haan yeh aavishkaar tha �Telescope� ka.
is naye navele avishkaar ki banavat ko ek secret hi rakha gaya. Holland jaise desh k liye yeh instrument ek bade military weapon ki tarah tha, jiske istemaal se unki armyapne door-daraaj k dushmano par nazar rakh saktein thi. Ek baat saaf thi, k ab Ek Aavishkaar Galileo k saamne tha, aur unhe yeh baat maalum ho chuki thi. Ki yeh Spyglass Venice k liye bhi kaafi kimti hone wala tha. Galileo ko kisi haal mein aisa hi ek aavishkaar karna tha...
Aage jo kuch hua woh itihaas ke sabse dilchasp kisson mein se ek ban gaya. Mehez 24 ghanton k andar ek behtar tarike k spyglass ko taiyaar kar liya. Hairaani ki baat yeh thi ki Galileo ne ek magnifying spyglass k bare mein mehez suna hi tha, kabhi use dekha nahi tha.  Galileo ka yeh bada aavishkaar mumkin ho paaya  unke Mathematics aur unki refraction theory se. Kaafi saare modifications k baad Galileo ne ek 10 powered telescope ko sabhi k saamne rakha. Galileo ka yeh kaam Senate ko behad pasand aaya aur unhone Galileo ki rakam ko aur bhi zyada badha diya. Ab Galileo Galilei Vince k mashur scientist ban chuke the. Galileo ne apne 10 power telescope ki saari rights Senate ko bhech di... Aur yahin se shuru hui Antariksh k unsuljhe pehluon ki nayi khoj.

Telescope ke aavishkaar se pehle, log yeh samajhtein the k chaand ek smooth aur polished satellite hai. Lekin ab Galileo ki wajah se Logon ka yeh bhram bohot hi jald tutne wala tha, ek roz Galileo ne is baat ka chaukadene wala khulasa kia, ki kis tarah telescope se dekhne par yeh maalum padta hai k chaand ki satah smooth aur polished nahi balki behad hi khurdhuri, aur cavities se bhari hai. Us waqt 16vi sadi mein logo k liye is baat par bharosa kar pana itna mushkil tha k kai logo ne Galileo k baat par yakin karne se saaf inkaar kar diya. Par bhale hi maane yaa naa maane. Telescope se dekhne k baad is sach par yakeen karne k alawa unke paas koi aur chara bacha hi nahi.Jaise jaise samay beet ta gaya, Galileo ne apne telescope ko aur bhi zyada aadhunik bana diya..aur phir ek din, Galileo ne apne 30 power telescope ko Jupiter planet ki taraf kendrit kiya... Galileo ko apne aakhein par vishvas nahi hua. Unhone Jupiter planet k 3 bade moons ko khoj nikala tha. Galileo ne inhe naam diya the �Medician stars�, is umeed mein k ab unhe is khoj k baad Florence mein ek achi pad haasil hogi. Kuch mahino baad Antariksh mein inhi satellites ko observe karke, Galileo k zehen mein ek baat aai.  Ki agar planet Earth k aas paas aisi satellites ka rotation nahi hota hai, toh iska matlab yeh hai k Earth pure solar system ka centre nahi hai.
Galileo khud yeh baat nahi jaantein the k unki yahi observation aur theory unke liye ek bohot badi musibat paida karne wali hai. Galileo ab yeh jaan chuke the k Church mein planet earth k baare mein jo vichaar dhara hai woh sahi nahi hai. unhe yeh pata chal chuka tha k earth solar system ka centre nahi hai, jisse Copernicus ki sabse badi theory sach saabit ho rahi hai,  100 varsh pehle hi Nicolas Copernicus yeh theory bana chukein the k sun hi solar system ka head hai. aur earth baaki sabhi planets ki tarah mehez sun k chakkar kaat ta hai. Lekin, church ki kadi maanyataaon k chaltein naa toh copernicus ko aur ab itne saalon baad naah Galileo ki is theory par bharosa rakha gaya.

Itni saari controveries ne Galileo k aamtavishwaas ko badha diya tha, Bina waqt gawaaye unhone apni saari discoveries ko apni agli kitaab yaani �The Starry Messenger� mein chaap  di. Is kitaab ki 550 copies publish ki gayi. Aur yeh ek instant hit rahi... zyada se zyaada log Galileo ki is kitaab ko padh rahein the. Jiske baad toh maano Galileo apne telescope ki madad se har roz ek nayi astronomical discoveries kar rahe the.

Is kitaab ki safalta k baad Galileo ek public figure chuke the. Unhe log jagah jagah samaanit kar rahein the. Yeh waqt tha uchi udaan bharne ka, Galileo ne University of Padua se apna resignation de kar university of Pisa mein chief Mathematician upadhi sambhal li thi. Itna hi nahi Galileo ab the grand duke of tuscan k Mathematician aur philosopher bhi ban chuke the.  unke sammaan mein Rome mein ek aayojan rakha gaya jahan Galileo k kaam aur yogdaan ki khub taareefein hui. Isi sammelan mein Galileo ko Accademia De Lincei ka member banaya gaya, yeh apne aap mein kitni badi baat thi iska andaaza isi baat se lagaya jaa skta hai k us din se Galileo apni sign bhi Galileo Galilei Linceo naam se kiya karte the.

Lekin Shohrat milte hi Galileo ki fitrat bhi badal chuki thi. Logon ka maan na tha k ab unmein guroor aa chuka tha,  jisne unke liye dushmano ki fehrist bhi taiyaar kar li thi. Galileo ne bhale hi ab ground breaking discoveries kithi, lekin ve hamesha sahi saabit nahi ho paate. Maslan, jab 3 comets earth k paas se guzre toh Galileo ne daava kiya k yeh comets nahi balki optical refractions hai.  Galileo ka yeh daava ek garam mudda ban gaya.  Church aur unke jesuits ko Galileo se khatra mehsus hone laga. Aur ab dekhte-hi-dekhte unki theories ka virodh  shuru ho chuka tha...

Galileo Galilei ab Church ki nazaron mein kisi shool ki tarah chubh raha the. Wajah thi Galileoka Copernicus theory ko support karna. Church ne yeh tay kar liya tha k Galileo Church se bagaawat kar rahe the. Bhale hi Church k apne hi kuch Mathematicians Galileo ki is theory ko support kar yeh maan ne lage the k earth solar system ka centre nahi hain, lekin phir bhi vichaar unke khilaaf the. Baat yahan tak badh gayi k Florence k ek young Dominican Preist ne Galileo ko Church aur Dharm ka Dushman ghoshit kar diya.  Par in baaton ka Galileok vichaaron par koi asar nahi hua. Woh Copernicus theory k baare mein likhte rahe aur apne vichaar sabhi k saamne rakhte gaye. Apni daleel pesh karte hue Galileo ne yeh bhi kaha tha k woh Bible yaa church k khilaaf kabhi nahi the aur naahi kabhi honge, ve khud ek sache christian hain, lekin Jis tarah bible ki verses ko intrepret kiya jaa raha hai woh galat hai.  Ab sawaal yeh khada ho gaya k kya church yeh bardaasht kar pata?

Gusse mein Galileo ne Grand Dutchess Christina ko ek bohot hi controversial letter likha. Jiske baad Galileo k khilaaf church ka shikanjaa aur bhi zyada kas gaya. Dabaav banaane par Galileo ko majburan apni  haar maan ni padi.  Ve is baat par manzoor ho gaye k woh aaj k baad bible yaa church k khilaaf kuch nahi kahenge.

Unke liye agar sabhi raaste band ho jaate toh Galileo apna raasta khud banaane mein vishvaas rakhte the. Church k khilaf ho kar Galileo maano ek bhaagi ban chuke the. Aur ab Galileo ne jawaab dene ka ek naya aur mazedaar tareeka bhi dhoond liya tha.  Galileo ne apne puraane liklhne k tareeke ko chord ek naya tareeka apna. Is baar unhone apne ocean tides ki theory ko bade hi novelistic andaaz  mein likha, is kitaab mein unhone ne kirdaar asie banaye jo unki theories ko bade hi chalaaki se church k khilaaf jaakar pesh karein. Jahan logo ko yeh kirdaar aur Galileo ka yeh naya andaz pasand aaya toh wahin Church k pope ko laga k Galileo ka ek kidaar unpar aadhaarit hai, aur yeh unki insult hai, jise church bardaasht nahi karega.  Aakhrosh mein aakar pope ne 68 saal k Galileo ko Rome bulaakar sabhi k samne apni galti maane ko kaha, warna unhe yeh anjaam bhugat na hoga. Galileo ne theek aisa hi kiya.  Aur church ne Galileo ko apni saza sunaai. Galileo par church se khilaafat karne ka ilzaam laga. Lekin kyuki Galileo ek public figure the unhe baaki prisioners ki tarah treat nahi kia jaata tha. balki unhe kisi kaidkhaane ki jagah apne hi ghar mein rehne ki ijaazat di gai thi... lekin church ki bandish k saath.

Samay k saath Galileo Galilei ki umra bhi dhal rahi thi, bimariyan Galileo ko apni giraft mein le rahi thi... sadi ka sabse bada scientist ab kamzor padh chuka tha.. jin aakhon ne vigyaan ki nayi khoj ki thi woh ab budhi ho gayi thi... Beti virginia jo ab tak un kaamptein hue haathon ka sahaara bani hui thi... waqt ne use bhi Galileo se cheen lia. Virginia urf sister Maria Celeste ka dehaant ho gaya, beti ki maut k baad toh maano pita Galileo ne jeena chord diya tha...
Kambhakth budhaape ne pehle sehat chini aur ab 72 varsh k hote hote Galileo puri tarah se netraheen ho chuke the... unki aakhon ki roshni ab jaa chuki thi. Kuch is tarah ek umra beetaane k baad sann 1642 mein the legend of Galileo Galilei ki maut hui. Lekin Church ki naainsaafi ka aalam kuch yeh raha k marne k baad apni kabra ko apne pita k paas rakhne ki Galileo ki aakhri ichcha bhi puri na ho paai, kyuki unke sabhi rishtedaaron ko church aur unki badsuluki ka khauf tha.

Par Galileo ki maut k baad theek usi saal the revolutionary scientist Sir Issac Newton ka janm hua. Aur woh Newton hi the jinhone Galileo ki kalpnaao ko aur unki theories ko kisi legacy ki tarah aage badhaya. Maano k who unhi ka ek ansh ho. Tabhi toh lok kathaaein yeh bhi maan ti hain k Issac Newton,Galileo ka hi dusra roop the, ek punarjanm ki tarah

Taajub ki baat hai k Galileo Galilei ki Jin theories par bagaavat maan kar Church ne ban lagaya tha... Galileok marne k lagbhagh 250 saal baad unpar lagaaye gaye sabhi bans hataa diye gaye, aur unhi ki bataai hui theories sahi saabit hui!!

Kai itihaaskaaron aur scientists ko is baat par afsoos hota hai k jis vyakti ne apni puri zindagi duniya ki sabse nayaab discoveries par lagaa di, wahi insaan modern science ki hi khaatir church k banavti sidhaanton aur dakhyanusi soch ka shikaar ho gaya.

�Father of Modern Science� aur �Father of Modern Physics� jaise khitaab apne naam karne waleThe legend of GalileoGalilei ki kahaani hume rubaroo karaati hai, vigyaan aur dharm k beech, kabhi naa khatm hone wale jang se. Par janaab yahi toh who jang hai, jo duniya ko vishwas aur andhvishwas k taraazo mein tolti hai